Scaling circular CRM value chains in Europe through battery recycling

The demand for recycled Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) from batteries such as cobalt, lithium, nickel, and manganese are rising, driven by the energy transition and EU regulation. Yet, the Netherlands lacks industry-scale, high-quality refining capacity. This presentation explores the opportunities and challenges for establishing battery recycling in the Netherlands, emphasizing the need for pan-European collaborations. TNO leads national CRM research and recently launched the Netherlands Materials Observatory (NMO) as the central knowledge and data institute for CRMs.